Gene trapping technique is a powerful method for mutational engineering works on specific genes in cell, which is defined as a kind of in vitro site directed mutagenesisThis method is used for gene knock out or analysis of gene function. Interestingly this approach can be used as therapeutic device for correction of mutated genes. Gene trapping has been staged in three steps: gene cloning, the study of the pattern of gene expression and the analysis of respective mutated phenotype. This method is based on homologous recombination.For detection of homologous recombination, several approaches like RT-PCR; RACE-PCR would be useful. Thus, designing a set of specific primers pairs, for marker gene and insetred gene is essential for such PCR methods.

This research analyzes and examines the use of plasmonic tweezers in the field of biotechnology, focusing on an inclined twine-core plasmonic optical fiber tweezer. This tweezer was designed and modeled using COMSOL software and through numerical simulations, it exhibits its capacity to trap polystyrene particles on a nano-scale. The results obtained from the research show that changes in different parameters such as the wavelength used, the radius of the trapped particle, and the refractive index of the medium used, lead to changes in the trapping force. The increase in the refractive index of the environment and the dimensions of the particles causes a significant increase in the applied force, especially in short wavelengths, the problem is more visible. These findings show that the proposed plasmonic structure has a very high trapping force, and this has the ability to significantly improve compared to previous researches. These advances in the field of biotechnology not only allow for more accurate and effective manipulation of nanoscale particles, but also facilitate the creation of new technologies in the field of medicine and other biological sciences. These developments will directly and indirectly help to improve diagnostic and treatment systems.

Ajwain is one of the medicinal plants, which the highest composition is thymol, as a strong antioxidant respect to the obtained chromatograms of GC/MS. The antioxidant activity of the Ajwain is measured by square wave voltammetry method and cyclic voltammetry method and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method in at the specific concentrations of 1%, 1. 5%, 2% and 2. 5% and constant pH. The results of the present study indicated that the antioxidant activity of Ajwain obtained from cyclic voltammetry and square wave is almost equal to the results of the DPPH method, which can be used to measure the antioxidant activity. Compared to DPPH method, electrochemical method involves a number of advantages such as simplicity, cheap operating costs, fastness, low amount of solvent, and no need for chemical reagents. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, the square wave method includes a higher sensitivity and accuracy than cyclic voltammetry method and DPPH method.

Interdisciplinary sciences emerging and specialization were result of historical conditions. Lack of common and grand theories have caused social sciences such as Geography disintegrated to many courses. The Geography science has been divided two main courses, Physical and Human through the time. Every one used another similar science in theoretical principles and methodologies for their domain development and strengthening of their bases.The Human Geography was influenced by Anthropology during nineteenth century and was affected by nineteenth century and dawn twentieth century by Sociology and from mid twentieth century until present time by Biological sciences, Psychology, Political economics and social theories. Radical Geography was one of the Human Geography branches that was influenced by Political economics and left ideology. Radical Geography emphasizes on investigation about quality of life in different spaces and attempts to change socio-economic and spatial relationships, therefore critical Geography is one of its similar approaches.

Onchocerciasis, usually referred to as river blindness, a skin and eye parasitic infestation is caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. Current control and eradication efforts are being frustrated by the continued existence and thriving of blackflies which are the disease transmitting vectors that breed along the banks of fast flowing and highly oxygenated rivers and streams. This study aims at assessing the effect of using vector traps on the transmission and control of onchocerciasis. A host-vector deterministic model which incorporates vector trapping by use of a system of ordinary differential equations is developed. The model is analysed for steady states and the basic reproduction number is obtained using the next generation method. It is found that the disease free steady state is stable if the basic reproduction number R0 < 1. There exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is locally and globally asymptotically stable if R0 > 1. Numerical simulations show that trapping the blackfly vectors has an effect on the spread and control of the disease. However, it is discovered that using traps alone is not a sufficient strategy and needs to be combined with other methods if the disease is to be completely wiped out of the population.

The phenylthiourea-substituted triethoxysilane as a silane agent was synthesized and grafted on highly ordered nanoporous silica (LUS-1) with a textured morphology and hexagonal array. This material (Tu-LUS-1) contained 0.8 mmol/g of soft base phenylthiourea group and surface area 760 m2g-1 and was able to adsorb 0.75 mmolHg/g of TU-LUS-1 in endothermic reaction.